EFFECTS OF EGYPTIAN LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE IN 1882.

These were categorised  into political,  economic  and social aspects. Political
1.    Egyptian  nationalism  was silenced  and the independence  which  Egypt had attained  costly as late as 1876 from the hands of the Turkey,  in 1882 its control  was taken over by Britain until  1956. Urabi Pasha was exiled and Egyptians  settled down for dictates of colonial  rule. The  first  British  administrator   in Egypt  was  called  Lord  Crommer  who  governed  Egypt from 1883-1907.
2.    There was constitutional  reforms  in Egypt  A new constitution  was proclaimed  and organic law of British setting was established  in Egypt in 1883. This followed  a number of judicial reforms  where  most  of the  native  Egyptian   law  was  replaced   by  British  law .. o fit  the interests of colonial  administration.
3.    An  efficient  police  force  and  civil  service  was  established   headed  by  British  nationals, Some  of  these  were  local  Africans   who  had  attained   some  education   in  Europe  or  in elementally    schools  and  universities   established   by Egyptian   kings  especially   Khedive Ismail.  However  these  occupied  lower  offices  in police  force  and  in civil  service  as top ones were reserved for whites.
4.    There  was emergence  of a radical  group  in Egypt  known  as "Offendiya"   which  consisted mainly  the Egyptians  of Fellahin  origin.  This was the most  unprivileged  group  in Egypt and  strongly   anti-British policies.   They  attributed   all problems   in Egypt  after  1882  to' British.   After  world  war  I, this  group  led  the Egyptians   in  1922  in  demand   for  their independence  although it was not successful.
5.        The  1882 British  take  over  of  Egypt  resulted   into  the  Fashoda  incident.   France  was  a rightful   country   to  colonise   Egypt  but  when  Britain   silenced   the  Urabist   rebellion   in absence  of French  soldiers,  it declared  Egypt as its colony.  As a matter of revenge  in 1896, French  forces  led by captain  Merchand   from West  Africa  attempted  to take  over  Sudan When Britain  learnt of it, it dispatched  its soldiers  led by Lord Kitchener  into Sudan so as to safeguard  the flow of River NIle banks. The   two forces  almost erupted  into a war at a place called Fashoda.
6.        This was followed  by the Anglo-Egyptian   conquest  of Sudan in 1898. In Fashoda  incident
French  forces were inferior  militarily  and decided  to withdraw  leaving Britain  in Sudan in
1896. By the end of two years,  Britain  had weakened  the Mahdist government  of Caliph Abdallah   and a condominium  government  (two  foreign states  in   a joint  control  of another country) was formed in Sudan.
Economic.
7.    British colonialists  made attempts  to stabilise the Egyptian financial base. The sole purpose of  this  was  to  organise  the  Egyptian   revenues   m a bid  to pay  back  the  sunk  loans  in Egyptian  economy to Britain and France .
8.     There was improvement  in agriculture  following  the introduction  of modernised  irrigation schemes  after  the  construction   of Aswan  high  dam whose  establishment   was  in  1898 :-
1902. Cash crops especially  cotton boosted in this period.
9.    Procesing  industries  were  set up in Egypt.  This was to assist  in breaking  down  the bulky cotton  raw  materials  into  small  valuable  form  that  can  easily  be shipped  to Lancashire industries  in Britain.  It should  be noted  that the development   of manufacturing   industries was discouraged  to eliminate  competition  for raw materials  and market for British  goods in Egypt.
10.    There  was  improvement   in  transport   and  communication    network   in  Egypt.  This  was necessary   if   desirable  raw  materials  was to be accessed  to processing  plants  from  their extraction   centres.  Equally  important,   the  delivery   of  British  goods  would  be  made respective   markets  in Egypt  using  these  roads.  European  administrators   and  troops  also used this   communication  system to execute their duties. Navigation  system along river Nile was also developed.