uganda national examination board agriculture past paper 2008

PAPER 1
THEORY
PART A:
Answer all the questions in this part. For questions 1, write the letter corresponding to the best answer.
1. a) the following farm activities can be performed in a crush except
A) castrating bull calves
B) spraying to control ticks
C) vaccinating against diseases
D) Carrying out artificial insemination.
b) Which one of the following is not a reason for secondary tillage?
A) Helps to burry the surface vegetation.
B) Controls weeds and crops pests.
C) Creates good condition in the sell for germination.
D) Levels the soil and facilitates fertilizers application.
c) Anplasmosis is caused by
A) Ticks.
B) Protozoa.
C) Bacteria.
D) Viruses.
d) Which one of the following activities illustrates the first stage in the production function?
A) Overstocking in a paddock.
B) Insufficient use of fertilizer.
C) High feeding rates for a dairy cow.
D) Purchase of a tractor for a small area of land.
2. a) State the sources from which obtain nutrients.
b) How would you identify phosphorous deficiency in a growing crop?
3. Outline five milking practices to ensure maximum milk production.
4. Explain four precautions that should be taken to ensure proper drying of timber.
5. Give five reasons why there may be changes in demand for an agricultural commodity.

PART B
Answer four questions including at one from each section. Write your answer in the answer booklet provided.
SECTION 1
CROP PRODUCTION
6. a) Describe how compost manure is prepared, using the Indore method
b) Outline the benefits of using organic manure as a source of plant nutrients.
7. a) Explain the importance of vegetable growing.
b) What problems do vegetables growers face?
c) Explain the following practices in vegetable growing.
i. Pricking out
ii. Hardening off.
8. a) Outline the dangers of soil erosion on arable land.
b) Describe the mechanical methods of controlling soil erosion.

SECTION II
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
9. a) Outline the characteristics of a good diary cow.
b) Explain why most farmers in Uganda continue to rear indigenous cattle.
10. a) Explain why each of the following management practices is carried out.
i. Grooming
ii. Culling
iii. Restraint of animals
b) Describe how the rubber ring method of castration is done.
11. a) Describe how you would ensure maximum production of high quality eggs in a deep litter system.
b) Outline the advantages and disadvantages of free range system of poultry keeping.

SECTION III
MECHANISATION AND FARM MANAGEMENT
12. Explain the causes of fluctuations in the price of agricultural products.
13. a) Describe how power produced in the engine is transmitted to the rear wheels of a tractor.
b) Explain the conditions under which traction may be reduced in a farm tractor.
14. a) Explain the factors that determine the type of machinery to buy for farm use.
b) Give reasons why diesel rather than petrol engines are used on farm tractors.

PAPER 2
PRACTICAL PAPER
1. Specimen A, B, C and D are animal feeds.
a) Give a situation when each of the specimens may be used for feeding animals.
A......................................................................
B...................................................................
C..................................................................
D...................................................................
b) Which one of the specimens would best meet the nutrient requirements of an animal if used alone? Explain your answer.
c) Give two effects of feeding specimen D alone to animals.
2. Specimens G and H are crop plants affected by diseases
a) (i) Identify the disease that has affected each crop.
G......................................................................................
H.........................................................................................
(ii) Describe the observable effects of the disease on each crop.
G............................................................................................
H...............................................................................................
b) Remove one complete leaf from each specimen. Draw and label what is observed, in the space provided below.
c) Give two non - chemical means you would use to control the disease on specimen G.
3. Specimen L₁ and L₂ are parts of the digestive system of farm animals.
a) Identify the specimens.
L_{1.............................................................................................................................}
L_{2............................................................................................................................}
b) From the structure of the specimens, suggest the type of farm animals each specimen was obtained from
L_{1..............................................................................................................................}
L_{2...............................................................................................................................}
c) Examine the contents of each specimen and describe them.
(i) Contents of specimen L₁
(ii) Contents of specimen L₂
d) State two structural differences between L₁ and L₂
e) From the structure of L₁ and L₂ and their contents, give the functions of each specimen in the digestive system of the animal it belongs.
(i) L_{1...................................................................................................}
(ii) L_{2...................................................................................................}
4. a) (i) Identify specimens M and N provided.
M.............................................................................................
N..............................................................................................
(ii) State two functions of each specimen.
M..........................................................................................
N..............................................................................................
b) How are the structures of the specimens suited for their functions?
(i) M..........................................................................................
(ii) N...............................................................................................
c) State four maintenance practices that are carried out on the specimens.
5. You are provided with specimens P, Q, R and S.
a) Examine the specimen and record the identity and importance of each specimen to animal and crop production, in the table below.

Specimen	Identity	Importance to animal production	Importance to crop production
P
Q
R
S

b) Bend until you break the stem of each specimen. Record you observations, and from the observations, classify the specimen in the table below.

Specimen	Observation	Classification
P
Q
R
S