GEOGRAPHY paper 1&2 1999

PAPER 1
PART I
1. The existence of more people in an area than the available resources is called

A. Sparse population.

B. Over population

C. Under population

D. Dense population

2. Which of the following lakes in East Africa was formed as a result of lava damming?

A. Bunyonyi

B. Victoria

C. Rukwa

D. Natron

3. Temperature inversion in East Africa is mainly experienced in the

A. Lake Victoria basin

B. Kigezi highlands

C. The coastal region

D. Nyika plateau

4. Which of the following rocks are metamorphic?

A. Basalt

B. Sandstone

C. Granite

D. Marble

5. Agricultural production in east Africa can best be increased by

A. Employing more labour

B. Improving the roads

C. Acquiring more capital

D. Stabilizing agricultural prices

6. Soda ash in East Africa is obtained from lake

A. Magadi

B. Mburo

C. Turkana

D. Rukwa

7. Which of the following best represents natural vegetation zonation on mt Kilimanjaro?

A. Savannah, forests and moorland

B. Forests, savannah and moorland

C. Moorland, savannah and forests

D. Savannah, moorland and forests

8. Over fishing on Uganda's lakes has mainly resulted from

A. Increased demand for fish

B. Improved transport routes

C. Use of wrong size nets

D. Improved fishing methods

9. Which of the following commodities are handled by the port of Mombasa?

A. Coal and coffee

B. Crude oil and cement

C. Cotton and wheat

D. Sugar and pyrethrum

10. Diamonds in Tanzania are found in

A. Igneous rocks

B. Sedimentary rocks

C. Metamorphic rocks

D. Leached areas

11. The East African countries predominantly export

A. Fish products

B. Agricultural products

C. Mineral products

D. Forestry products

12. The high population density in Kabale district is mainly due to

A. Availability of food

B. Immigration from Rwanda

C. High fertility rates

D. Land fragmentation

13. The renewed erosive activity by a river is called

A. River regime

B. Siltation

C. Rejuvenation

D. Hydrolysis

14. Lateritic soils in east Africa develop as a result of

A. Sedimentation

B. Exfoliation

C. Leaching

D. Water logging

15. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure at a weather station is called

A. Hydrometer

B. Barometer

C. Hygrometer

D. Anemometer

16. Ahero scheme in Kenya obtains its irrigation waters from river

A. Nyando

B. Sondu

C. Gucha

D. Nzoia

17. In which one of the following towns in East Africa is cement manufactured?

A. Lodwar

B. Mbale

C. Dodoma

D. Tanga

18. Mangrove forests in East Africa are found

A. Along the cost

B. On mountain peaks

C. On L.victoria shores

D. In the Miombo woodlands

19. The greatest problem facing the fishing industry in East Africa is

A. Low fish population

B. Limited market

C. Poor fishing gear

D. Limited fish species

20. Which of the following fish landing sites is found on lake Edward?

A. Butiaba

B. Musoma

C. Rwampanga

D. Rwenshama

21. A forestation programmes in East Africa are mainly intended for

A. Conserving the environment

B. Promoting eco-tourism

C. Providing wood fuel

D. Increasing humus in the soil

22. River transport is not well developed in East Africa because most rivers have

A. Shallow valleys

B. Suspended boulders

C. Water falls

D. Meanders

23. The feature formed when a sheet of magma cools along a bedding plane is called a

A. Dyke

B. Lacolith

C. Hatholith

D. Sill

24. In Tanzania cattle ranching is mainly carried out around

A. Mbeya

B. Kongwa

C. Songea

D. Kigoma

25. North eastern Uganda is sparsely populated due to

A. Limited social services

B. Hostile tribes

C. Unreliable rainfall

D. Leached soils

26. Which one of the following mountains is a block mountain?

A. Kilimanjaro

B. Rwenzori

C. Elgon

D. Kenya

27. The kigezi highlands experience soil erosion mainly because of

A. Land fragmentation

B. Cultivating steep slopes

C. Draining wetlands

D. Torrential rainfall

28. The seasonal changes is the volume of water in a river is called

A. Profile

B. Rejuvenation

C. Watershed

D. Regime

29. Coral reefs in east Africa grow

A. In temperatures below 10⁰C

B. Near river mouths

C. In very deep waters

D. In salty waters

30. The major problems facing pastoralists in Northern - Eastern Uganda are

A. Tsetse flies and water shortage

B. Poor roads and pastures

C. Tsetse flies and poor breeds

D. Water shortage and poor breeds

31. Coal in southern Tanzania has not been mined due to

A. Low market demand

B. Poor transport system

C. Limited skilled labour

D. Its low grade

32. Wild life conservation is mainly intended to

A. Minimize poaching

B. Attract tourists

C. Provide medicine

D. Modify climate

33. The transport sector in Northern eastern Kenya is poorly developed because the area is

A. Hilly and rugged

B. Tsetse fly infested

C. Under populated

D. Unproductive

34. The most common method of fish preservation used on lake kyoga landing sites is

A. Salting

B. Sun-drying

C. Freezing

D. Smoking

35. In East Africa, most game reserves are located in areas of

A. Low rainfall

B. High population

C. Very fertile soils

D. Rugged terrain

PART II
MAPWORK, PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION AND EAST AFRICA
Answer three questions from part II, including questions 1 and 2 which are compulsory
SECTION A
1. COMPULSORY QUESTION: MAPWORK
Answer all parts of this section. Candidates are advised to spend 40 minutes answering this question.
Study the map extract 1:50,000(UGANDA) Omoro; series Y732; part sheet 22/4; edition 2-USD and answer the questions that follow:

a) State the grid reference of the following:

(i) Omoro dispensary,

(ii) Secondary trigonometrically station at Onin

b) Name the feature found at grid reference

(i) 422892

(ii) 262901

c) Measure and state in kilometers the distance of the dry weather road between the junction at Opit (grid reference 418894) and Laminable road junction (grid reference 239982)

d) Draw a sketch map of the area shown on the map and on it, mark and label the following features:

(i) Transport routes,

(ii) River: Laminangol, Tochi and Pece,

(iii) Permanent swamps

(iv) Planned settlement

e) With specific examples, explain the factors which have influenced the settlement patterns in the area shown on the map.

f) Identify the economic activities taking place in the area shown on the map.

2. COMPULSORY QUESTIONS: PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION.
Answer all parts of this section. Candidates are advised to spend 20 minutes answering this question.
Study the photograph provided below and answer the questions which follow.
PHTOGRAPH

a) State the economic activity taking place in the foreground.

b) Explain the conditions which have favored the economic activity stated in (a) above.

c) Identify the problems faced by the people carrying out the economic activity stated in (a) above.

d) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest one area in East Africa where this photograph could have been taken.

SECTION B: EAST AFRICA
3. Study the table below showing Uganda's population living in urban areas (1991) and answer the questions that follow.

Region	Urban population
Central Eastern Notherv Western	1,200,000 320,000 170,000 220,000
Total	1,910,000

Source adapted from: the republic of Uganda 1996 statistical abstract. MFEP; July 1996 p15.

a) Draw a pie chart to show the portion of the urban population living in each region.

b) Explain the factors which have led to the development of urban centres in East Africa.

c) Describe the problems resulting from the development of urban centres in East Africa.

d) Outline the steps being taken to solve the problems in (c) above.

4. Study figure 1: Map of Kilombero valley irrigation scheme and answer the questions which follow.
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Rivers marked A and B,

(ii) Towns marked 1, 2 and 3,

(iii) Plantation crop grown in the area marked C.

b) Describe the factors which influenced the location of the kilombero irrigation scheme.

c) Explain the contribution of the irrigation scheme to the people living in the area.

d) Identify the problems facing plantation farming in East Africa.

5. For any one fieldwork study you have carried out,

a) State the:

(i) Topic of study

(ii) Objectives of the study

b) Describe the methods you used to obtain information during the field study.

c) Explain the advantages of using the methods in (b) above.

d) Explain the effect of the land use types on the environment in the area studied.

6. a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it, mark and name areas occupied by tropical rain forests.

b) Describe the

(i) characteristics of tropical rain forests,

(ii) conditions which have favored the growth of tropical rain forests.

c) State any two human activities which

(i) most destroy the tropical rain forests,

(ii) least destroy the tropical rain forests in East Africa.

d) Explain the steps being taken to conserve tropical rain forests in East Africa.

7. a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it, mark and name:

(i) National parks: Masaba, Queen Elizabeth and Ruaha.

(ii) Tourist attraction: Mombasa, Arusha and Kampala.

b) Identify any three types of tourist attractions in East Africa besides wildlife.

c) Explain the conditions influencing the development of the tourist industry in East Africa.

d) Outline the benefits of the tourist industry to any one country in East Africa.

PAPER 2
PART I: THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part.
1. Study figure 1: Map of Africa showing climatic regions and answer the questions that follow:
MAP

a) Describe the characteristics of the climate in region marked:

(i) A

(ii) D

b) Explain the influence of climate on economic activities in any one region named in (a) (ii) above.

c) Outline the problems faced by the people involved in the economic activities identified in (c) above.

2. Study table I: showing Africa's population growth and answer the questions which follow:
Table I: Africa's population growth (1950-2000 projected)

Year	Population (millions)
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 (protected)	199 270 344 453 616 818

Source: adapted from White R. G. Africa: studies for East African students, p7.

a) Calculate the percentage change in population between:

(i) 1950 and 1960,

(ii) 1980 and 1990

b) Draw a line graph to show the trend of population growth in Africa between 1950 and 2000 (projected).

c) Describe the:

(i) Trend of population growth,

(ii) Factors which contributed to the population trend shown in (b) above.

d) Explain the:

(i) Problems resulting from high population growth rates in Africa,

(ii) Steps being taken to solve the problems in (d) (i) above.

3. a) Draw a sketch map of southern Nigeria and on it, mark and label the following:

(i) areas growing cocoa, rubber and oil palm,

(ii) towns: Lagos and port Harcourt,

(iii) rivers: Niger and Benue

b) Describe the conditions that have favored the growing of the crops named in (a)(i) above.

c) Explain the contribution of the agricultural sector to the development of Nigeria.

d) Outline the:

(i) Problems facing agriculture in southern Nigeria,

(ii) Steps being taken to solve the problems outlined in (d) (i) above.

4. a) Draw a sketch map of Africa and on it, mark and name:

(i) any three commercial ocean fishing grounds,

(ii) ocean currents: canary, Benguela and Guinea,

(iii) Ports: Lagos and Cape Town.

b) Describe the conditions which have favored the development of commercial fishing in any one fishing ground named in (a) (i) above.

c) Explain the factors limiting commercial fishing in any one fishing ground.

d) Outline the steps being taken to improve the fishing industry in the area chosen in (c) above.

5. Study table II showing the exports of Zambia and answer the questions that follow:
Table II: exports of Zambia

Commodity	Percentage
Copper Cobolt Zinc Lead Tobacco other	82.7 12.1 2.6 0.6 0.4 1.6
Total	100%

Sources: adapted from White .R. G. Africa studies for East African students. P183

a) Draw a pie chart to show the composition of Zambia's exports.

b) (i) Name the dominant mineral exported by Zambia.

(ii)Calculate the percentage contribution of mineral exports.

(ii)State any two mining centres in Zambia.

c) Explain the factors which have favored the development of mining sector in Zambia.

d) Outline the:

(i) Problems resulting from over dependence on one dominant export commodity,

(ii) Steps being taken to solve the problems in (d)(i) above.

6. Study figure 2: Map showing part of the Nile valley and answer the questions that follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Canal marked 1,

(ii) Dam marked 2,

(iii) Lake marked 3,

(iv) Towns marked 4 and 5,

(v) Rivers marked A and B.

b) Explain the:

(i) Factors which led to the establishment of the dam marked 2,

(ii) Importance of the dam to the people living in the area.

c) Identify the problems that have resulted from the establishment of the dam.

d) Outline the steps being taken to solve the problems in (c) above.

PART II:
STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer two questions from this part
REGION I: NORTH AMERICA
7. a) Draw a sketch map of the Great lakes and st.lawrence sea way and on it, mark and name:

(i) River st.lawrence,

(ii) Lakes: Ontario and Superior,

(iii) Thee wetland canal,

(iv) Towns: Duluth and Montreal.

b) Describe the steps taken to improve navigation on the Great lakes and St.lawrence River.

c) Explain the benefits which resulted from the construction of the st.lawrence sea way.

d) Outline the:

(i) problems which still limit navigation on the st. Lawrence Seaway,

(ii) measures being taken to overcome the problems in (d)(i) above.

8. a) Name any three:

(i) states under Tennessee valley Authority (TVA).

(ii) Rivers draining the area under the Tennessee valley authority,

b) Describe the conditions which led to the establishment of the Tennessee valley authority in the states named in (a) above.

c) Outline the activities of the Tennessee valley authority in the states named in (a) above.

d) Explain the benefits of the Tennessee valley authority to the United States of America.

9. Study figure 3: Map of British Columbia and answer the questions that follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Ports marked 1 and 2,

(ii) Island marked A,

(iii) Rivers marked B and C,

(iv) Ocean current marked D,

(v) Strait marked E.

b) (i) State any two types of fish caught in British Columbia.

(ii)Describe the methods of fishing used in British Columbia.

c) Describe the conditions which have favored the development of the fishing industry in British Columbia.

d) Explain the contribution of the fishing industry to British Columbia.

REGION II: RHINELANDS
10. a) Draw a sketch map of Switzerland and on it, mark and name:

(i) the three physical region,

(ii) river Rhine

(iii) industrial towns: Easel, Zurich and Geneva.

b) State any two types of industries found in both Easel and Geneva.

c) Explain the factors which have led to the development of industries in Switzerland.

d) Outline the:

(i) problems facing the industrial sector in Switzerland,

(ii) steps being taken to solve the problems in (d)(i) above.

11. Study figure 4: Map of the Rhine rift valley provided below and answer the questions which follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Towns marked 1, 2 and 3,

(ii) Rivers marked A and B,

(iii) Highlands marked C and D.

b) Explain the processes which led to the formation of the Rhine rift valley.

c) (i)State any three types of crops grown in the Rhine rift valley.

(ii)Describe the conditions which have favored crop growing in the Rhine rift valley.

d) Outline the problems faced by farmers in the Rhine rift valley.

12. Study table III below showing land use types in the Netherlands and answer the questions which follow:
Table III: land use types in the Netherlands

Land use type	Land area ('000 ha)
Arable Permanent pasture Forest Builtip/ waste land	977 1291 288 805
Total	3361

Source: adapted from: Hughes, D and Randle, T. the Rhine basin, a study of development p165.

a) Calculate the percentage of the land area under:

(i) Arable,

(ii) Permanent pasture,

(iii) Forest,

(iv) Built up/ wasteland.

b) Draw a pie chart to represent the relative importance of each land use type.

c) (i) State any one economic activity being carried out under each of the land use types.

(ii)Describe the conditions which have made it necessary to leave a large proportion of land in the Netherlands under permanent pasture.

d) Explain the contribution of any one of the following land use types to the Netherlands:

- Arable

- Permanent pasture

REGION III: CHINA
13. a) Name any two regions in china where the commune system of farming is practical.

b) Describe the characteristics of the commune system of farming in china.

c) Explain the conditions which have favored the establishment of agricultural communes I any one region named in (a) above.

d) Outline the:

(i) benefits of the commune system of farming,

(ii) problems facing the commune system of farming in china.

14. a) Draw a sketch map of the Manchuria region of china and on it mark and name:

(i) rivers: Yalu and Liao

(ii) supung dam,

(iii) Korea bay

(iv) Industrial towns: Penki, Slan and Fusin.

b) Explain the conditions which have favored the establishment of industries in Manchuria.

c) Outline the benefits of the industrial sector to china.

d) Identify the problems facing industrial development in china.

15. Study table IV: showing the climate of station X located in the Yangtze-Kiang river basin and answer the questions that follow:
Table IV: climate of station X

Month	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
Temp (0C)	4.4	61	10.0	16.7	11.7	26.7	29.4	29.4	25.0	19.4	12.8	7.2
R.F.(mm)	48	48	97	152	165	244	180	97	71	81	48	28

a) Draw a suitable graph to show the climate of station X.

b) Calculate the:

(i) Annual temperature range,

(ii) Total annual rainfall

c) Describe the characteristics of the climate for station X.

d) Explain the influence of climate on agricultural activities in the Yangtze-Kiang river basin.