GEOGRAPHY paper 1&2 2001

PAPER 1
PART I
1. Rapid population growth in Kenya is mainly a result of

A. Increased immigrations.

B. High birth rates

C. Good nutrition levels

D. Improved medical care

2. Which one of the following features is found in the youthful stage of a river

A. Levee

B. Ox-bow lake

C. Delta

D. Gorge

3. The sequence of the soil types down a slope is called

A. Catena

B. Screes

C. Profile

D. Aeration

4. Rainfall distribution in East Africa has been greatly influenced by

A. Vegetation and relief

B. Inland water bodies and distance from the sea

C. Vegetation and south East Trade winds

D. Relief and inland water bodies

5. The most dominant crop grown on the Ahero pilot scheme is

A. Maize

B. Rice

C. Cotton

D. Pyrethrum

6. Hale power project is found on river

A. Pangani

B. Tana

C. Rufigi

D. Ruaha

7. The type of forests found along the coastal areas of east Africa are

A. Montane forests

B. Equatorial forests

C. Mangrove forests

D. Bamboo forests

8. Which one of the following is the greatest problem faced by the fishing industry in Uganda?

A. Limited market

B. Poor transport network

C. Poor fishing equipment

D. Limited fish species

9. Congestion at the port of Dar-es-Salaam can best be reduced by

A. Containerization

B. Dredging

C. Traffic control

D. Vessel diversion

10. The tourist industry in East Africa is an example of

A. A visible import

B. An invisible export

C. A substance sector

D. An informal sector

11. River Nile has not been effectively used for transport mainly because of the presence of

A. Floating islands

B. Dangerous crocodiles

C. Abundant rock sediments

D. Rapids and waterfalls

12. Which one of the following is a depositional feature?

A. Delta

B. Knick point

C. Pyramidal peak

D. Isenberg

13. The loosening, decaying and break up of rocks is called

A. Weathering

B. Attrition

C. Erosion

D. Siltation

14. The speed of wind at a weather station is measured by

A. Wind vane

B. Sixth's thermometer

C. Anemometer

D. Barometer

15. In Tanzania, sisal is mainly grown around

A. Arusha

B. Lindi

C. Moshi

D. Tanga

16. A cement factory was established at Hima because of the existence of

A. Large limestone deposits

B. Cheap labour

C. A large market

D. A railway line

17. Which one of the following best shows vegetation zonation on Mt.kilimanjaro?

A. Savannah grasslands, tropical evergreen forests, bamboo forests.

B. Bamboo forests, savannah grasslands, heath and moorland.

C. Savannah grasslands, bamboo forests, tropical evergreen forests.

D. Tropical evergreen forests, heath and moorland.

18. The most common type of fish caught in lake Victoria is

A. Bagrus

B. Barbus

C. Tilapia

D. Salmon

19. Which one of the following is a glacial landform?

A. Tombolo

B. Cwm

C. Lacolith

D. Meander

20. Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?

A. Marble

B. Sandstone

C. Shale

D. Limestone

21. The amount of water vapor in the air expressed as a percentage of vapor the air can hold when it is saturated is called

A. Maximum entropy

B. Atmospheric pressure

C. Relative humidity

D. Evapo transpiration

22. Woolen textile mills in East Africa are found in

A. Mbale

B. Iringa

C. Kisumu

D. Nakuru

23. Which of the following features are found in limestone areas of East Africa?

A. Sills

B. Stalagmites

C. Eskers

D. Levees

24. The highest mean annual rainfall in East Africa is received at

A. Kotido

B. Wajir

C. Mbeya

D. Lodwar

25. Which one of the following crops best grows in Northern Uganda?

A. Coffee

B. Simsim

C. Bananas

D. Pyrethrum

26. Industrial expansion in Kampala has been mainly limited by

A. A narrow market

B. Land shortage

C. Limited capital

D. Shortage of raw materials

27. The extensive deforestation in East Africa has been mainly a result of

A. Increased agriculture

B. Uncontrolled lumbering

C. Unchecked bush burning

D. Mining and quarrying

28. Which one of the following fish landing sites is found on lake Kyoga?

A. Wanseko

B. Lwampanga

C. Rwenshama

D. Masese

29. Mombasa is a very good port mainly because it has

A. Ice free conditions and deep waters

B. Haltered harbor and hard basement rock

C. Hard basement rock and deep waters

D. Deep waters and sheltered harbor

30. Most of the national parks in East Africa are found in areas with

A. High rainfall and sparse population

B. Low population and low rainfall

C. Dense population and high soil fertility

D. High rainfall and tsetse fly infestation

31. Which of the following products are exported in largest quantities from East Africa?

A. Manufactured goods

B. Mineral ores

C. Agricultural products

D. Synthetic fibers

32. Which one of the following areas has the highest population density in East Africa?

A. Kisumu

B. Mbeya

C. Gulu

D. Lodwar

33. A feature formed when lava solidifies in a vent is called

A. Volcanic plug

B. Lava plain

C. Drumlin

D. Caldera

34. Which one of the following is the best method of controlling soil erosion in the highland areas of East Africa?

A. Controlled grazing

B. Contour ploughing

C. Mixed farming

D. Inter cropping

35. The slopes of mt. Elgon which receive the highest rainfall are found in the

A. South west

B. North East

C. South East

D. North West

PART II
MAPWORK, PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION AND EAST AFRICA.
Answer three questions from part II, including questions 1 and 2 which are compulsory.
SECTION A
1. COMPULSORY QUESTION: MAPWORK
Answer all parts of this question. Candidates are advised to spend 40 minutes answering this question.
Study the map extract 1:50,000 (UGANDA) KAPIRI; series Y732; part of sheet43/4; edition 1-U.S.D. and answer the questions that follow:

a) State the grid reference of the:

(i) Secondary trigonometrically station at Kapiri,

(ii) Borehole at Okungoro.

b) Name the feature found at grid reference:

(i) 836788,

(ii) 908794.

c) Find the:

(i) Bearing of Ariet school (grid reference 985905) from Mukura Cotton stores (grid reference 925762)

(ii) Area of Lake Basina (excluding the swamp).

d) Draw a sketch map of the area shown on the map and on it, mark and label the following:

(i) Railway line,

(ii) Roads,

(iii) Lakes: Basina, Semere and Owapet,

(iv) Permanent swamps,

(v) Rock outcrop.

e) Describe the relationship between drainage and:

(i) Transport routes,

(ii) Settlement patterns in the area shown on the map.

2. COMPULSORY QUESTION: PHOTOGRAPH INTERPRETATION.
Answer all parts of this question.
Candidates are advised to spend 40 minutes answering this question.
Study the photograph provided below and answer the questions which follow:
PHOTOGRAPH

a) Identify the economic activity taking place in the middle foreground.

b) Giving evidence, explain the factors which have favored the activity identified in (a) above.

c) (i) Describe the effect of the activity identified in (a) above on the environment.

(ii)What measures should be taken to improve the environment where the activity is taking place?

d) Giving reasons for your answer, suggest an area an area in East Africa where this photograph could have been taken.

SECTION B: EAST AFRICA
Answer only one question from this section.
3. a) draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it, mark and name three areas which

(i) high population density,

(ii) Low population density.

b) Explain the factors which have led to:

(i) High population density,

(ii) Low population density in areas named in a) above.

c) Identify the problems facing the people living in:

(i) Densely populated areas,

(ii) Sparsely populated areas of East Africa.

d) Outline the steps being taken to solve the problems identified in (c) above

4. a) Draw a sketch map of East Africa and on it, mark and name any three areas under:

(i) nomadic pastoralism,

(ii) Cattle ranching.

b) Describe the conditions which have favored:

(i) Nomadic pastoralism,

(ii) Cattle ranching in areas named in (a) above.

c) Explain the importance of the livestock industry to the people of East Africa.

d)Outline the problems facing the livestock industry in East Africa.

5. For any one field work study you have carried out around your school:

a) State the:

(i) Topic of study,

(ii) Objectives of the study.

b) Draw a sketch map of the area studied and it, mark and label:

(i) Position of the school,

(ii) Relief features,

(iii) Land use types.

c) Describe the preparations you made before carrying out the fieldwork study.

d) With the help of illustrations, explain how the fieldwork study enabled you to understand the geography of the area.

6. a) Explain the difference between natural forests and plantation forests.

b) Describe the conditions which have favored the establishment of plantation forests in East Africa.

c) Explain the contribution of plantation forests to any one country in East Africa.

d) Name any two areas in East Africa covered by:

(i) natural forests,

(ii) plantation forests

7. study the table below showing Uganda's income from international tourism (1990-95) and answer the questions that follow:

Year	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995
Total income (US$ million)	26.6	32.7	45.4	56.7	72.1	90.1

Adapted from: NEMA (1996): state of the environment report for Uganda, p192.

a) Draw a line graph to show the trend of income from international tourism between 1990 and 1995.

b) Using the information from the table and the graph.

(i) Describe the trend of income received from international tourism,

(ii) Explain the factors which have led to the trend in (b)(i) above.

c) Explain the problems facing the tourist industry in East Africa.

d) Outline the measures being taken to improve the tourist industry in East Africa.

PAPER 2
PART I : THE REST OF AFRICA
Answer two questions from this part.
1. Study Fig.1: Map of Africa showing physical features and answer the questions that follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Highlands marked A,B and C,

(ii) Plateau marked D,

(iii) River marked 1,

(iv) Lake marked 2,

b) Describe the processes which led to the formation of the cape ranges in South Africa.

c) Explain the importance of the highland areas of Africa.

d) Outline the problems facing the people living in the highland areas of Africa.

2. Study Table 1 below showing Africa's population growth between 1940 and 2000 and answer the questions that follow:
Table 1: Africa's population growth (1940 -2000)

Year	Population Size
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000	177,000,000 199,000,000 270,000,000 344,000,000 453,000,000 616,000,000 818,000,000

Adapted: white; R.G. (1984) Africa: Studies in Development, New and revised edition, p.7.

a) Draw a line graph to show the information contained in the table.

b) Describe the trend of Africa's population growth between 1940 and 2000.

c) State the period in which Africa experienced the:

(i) Highest,

(ii) Lowest percentage increase in population.

d) Explain the:

(i) Factors which have led to a high population growth rate in Africa

(ii) Disadvantages of a large population size.

3. a) draw a sketch map of Botswana and on it, mark and name:

(i) chobe game reserve,

(ii) makarikari salt pan,

(iii) Okavango swamps,

(iv) Kalahari desert,

(v) Any three demonstration farms.

b) State the difference between cattle ranching and traditional nomadic pastoralism.

c) Describe the conditions which have favoured ther establishment of cattle ranches in Botswana.

d) Outline the problems faced by the livestock industry in Botswana.

4. Study Fig 2: Map of Nigeria showing Kainji dam and answer the questions the follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Rivers marked 1 and 2,

(ii) Water body marked 3,

(iii) Towns marked A and B,

(iv) Plantation crop grown in area marked C.

b) Describe the factors which favored the establishment of the Kainji dam.

c) Explain the contribution of the dam to the development of Nigeria.

d) Outline the problems caused by the establishment of the Kainji dam.

5. Study table II below showing total area under forest cover for selected African countries (1990 and 1995) and answer the questions that follow:
Tale II: total area under forest covers (1990-95)

Country	Total area under forest cover (Ha)
	1990	1995
Cote D'Ivoire Democratic Rep. of Congo Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Namibia	5,623,000 112,946,000 13,897,000 18,314,000 9,608,000 12,584,000	5,469,000 109,245,000 13,579,000 17,859,000 9,022,000 12,374,000

Adapted from: world resources: people and environment (2000-2001), UNDP, UNEP, WB.p253.

a) Draw a bar graph to show the area under forest cover for the selected countries in 1995.

b) Calculate the percentage change in the area under forest cover for each country.

c) Identify the country in which the forest cover has been destroyed:

(i) Most,

(ii) Lest.

d) Explain the:

(i) Factors which have led to the destruction of forest cover,

(ii) Effects of the destruction of forest cover on the environment in the country identified in (c) (i) above.

6. a) Draw a sketch map of the Republic of South Africa and on it, mark and name:

(i) towns: Johannesburg and East London,

(ii) rivers: Orange and Vaal,

(iii) goldfields: Klerksdorp, Krugersdorp and Witwatersrand.

b) Describe the method used in mining gold in any one of the goldfields in (a)(iii) above.

c) Explain the conditions which have favored gold mining in the Republic of South Africa.

d) Outline the effects of fold mining on the environment in the Republic of South Africa.

PART II:
STUDIES IN DEVELOPMENT
Answer two questions from this part, taking not more than one question from each region.
REGION 1: NORTH AMERICA
7. study table III below showing area under cropland in one of the states in The south (Mississippi) and answer the questions that follow:
Table III: area under cropland in the south (Mississippi)

Type of crop	Area under cropland '000s (Ha)
Soyabean cotton Hay Cereals others	1,012 704 286 154 44
Total	2,200

Adapted: Hughes, D. etal (1984) North America: a study in development; Longman p.69

a) Draw a pie chart to represent the information in the table.

b) Why has more land been used for the growing of soybean than cotton?

c) (i) Mention any other two states in the south where cotton is grown.

(ii)Describe the conditions which have favored the growing of cotton in the south.

d) Explain the contribution of cotton growing to the south.

8. Study Fig.3: Map of California provided and answer the questions that follow.
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Rivers marked 1 and 2,

(ii) Dams marked 3 and 4,

(iii) Industrial centres marked A, B and C,

(iv) Mineral obtained from areas marked D.

b) (i) State any two types of industries found in California.

(ii)Describe the conditions which have favored the development of industries in California.

c) Explain the contribution of the industrial sector to the development of California.

d) Mention any three problems which have resulted from the development of industries in California.

9. a) Draw a sketch map of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence seaway and on it, mark and name:

(i) lakes: Mitchigan and Eric,

(ii) river St. Lawrence,

(iii) Ports: Quebee and Duluth,

(iv) Canals: Sault ste Marie and Wetland.

b) Why was the St.Lawrence Seaway constructed?

c) Explain the benefits of the St. Lawrence Seaway to USA and Canada.

d) Outline the problems facing the people using the St.Lawrence seaway.

REGION II: RHINELANDS
10. Study table IV: climate statistics of Lugano (Switzerland) and answer the questions that follow:
Table IV: climate statistics of Lugano, Switzerland 9276 m)

	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D	Total
Temp (0C) Precipitation (mm)	2.3 57	3.6 67	7.3 118	11.3 159	15.5 203	19.4 186	21.3 181	20.8 191	17.5 158	12.3 181	7.1 133	3.2 91	- 1725

Adapted: David, H and Randle, T. the Rhine basin: a study of development; Longman p.63

a) Draw a suitable graph to show the climate of the station.

b) Describe the characteristics of the climate of the station.

c) (i) Mention any three economic activities taking place in the area where the station is located.

(ii)Explain the influence of climate on the economic activities (c)(i) above.

d) Outline the problems faced by the people carrying out the economic activities in (c)(i) above.

11. a) Draw a sketch map of the Netherlands and on it, mark and name

(i) river Rhine,

(ii) lake Ijsselmeer,

(iii) towns: Haarlem, the Hague and Amsterdam,

(iv) any two areas under horticulture.

b) (i) Mention any two crops grown under horticulture in the areas names in (a)(iv) above.

(ii)Describe the factors which have led to the development of horticulture in the Netherlands.

c) Explain the problems affecting the horticultural industry in the Netherlands.

d) Outline the measures being taken to solve the problems in (c)above.

12. Study Fig. 4: map of Luxembourg provided below and answer the questions that follow:
MAP

a) Name the:

(i) Physiographic regions marked A and B,

(ii) Rivers marked C and D,

(iii) Industrial towns marked 1 and 2,

(iv) Country marked 3.

b) (i) State any two types of industries found in cash industrial town named in (a)(iii) above.

(ii)Describe the factors which have led to the development of industries in Luxembourg.

c) Explain the importance of the industrial sector to the development of Luxembourg.

d) Outline the problems faced by the industrial sector in Luxembourg.

REGION III: CHINA
13. a) What is an agricultural commune?

b) (i) Name any two agricultural communes in china.

(ii) Describe the features of agricultural communes in china.

c) Explain the:

(i) Advantages,

(ii) Disadvantages of communal farming in china.

d) Outline the measures being taken to improve farming on agricultural communes in China.

14. Study table V below showing the population of china (1950-2000) and answer the questions that follow:
Table V: population of china (1950-2000)

1950	1990	1995	1998	2000 (estimated)
554,760,000	1,155,305,000	1,221,462,000	1,255,091,000	1,300,000,000

Adapted from: World resources (1996/7 and 1998/9 series) pp191, 245.

a) Draw a line graph to show the information contained in the table.

b) Describe the trend of population change in china between 1950 and 2000.

c) Explain the factors which have led to the trend in (b) above

d) Outline the:

(i) Advantages,

(ii) Disadvantages of a large population size.

15. a) Draw a sketch map of china and on it, mark and name:

(i) towns: Shanghai, Urunqui and Kunming,

(ii) rivers: Hwang -ho and Si-kiang,

(iii) yellow sea,

(iv) Hong Kong entrepot.

b) Describe the factors which have led to the growth of Hong Kong as an entrepot.

c) Explain the importance of Hong Kong entrepot to china.

d) Outline the problems facing Hong Kong entrepot.