John Cecil Rhodes as a trader and an imperialist

John Cecil Rhodes as a trader and an imperialist

He was born in Herefordshire 1853 England to an English clergyman as the sixth son of an English Parson.

At the age of Seventeen years, he moved to South Africa with some of his relatives because of his poor health where he recovered.

He was the most powerful person who dominated events in South Africa between 1885 and 1900. He was a very successful investor and a money magnet in the mining business.

He moved to Kimberley in 1871 where Diamonds had been discovered. Between 1876 and 1881, Rhodes consolidated to monopolize the minerals by forming a company known as the De' Beers Consolidated company limited controlled by himself.

By the age of 25, Rhodes was a millionaire, at the age of 34; he even bought his only remaining rival Company- Barney Barnarto with what was then the largest Cheque. This made him a monopoly of all diamonds produced in South Africa.

When gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand, he formed the gold's fields company, which became one of the 3 mos powerful companies operating in South Africa.

Rhodes was a European imperialist believing in the expansion of the British power and union of the whites in Soutt Africa under the British flag.

He also dreamed of building a railway from the Cape to Cairo and to do this he needed power.

In 1885, his pressure and foresight helped the British government to declare a Protectorate over Botswana on Bechuanaland.

He also pressed the British annexation of Zulu land in 1887.

He also financed white settlements and prospects for minerals in Central Africa, like Mashona and Matebele land.

In 1889, he formed a company called the British South Africa Company, which was given a Royal Charter by the British government to operate in South Africa.

Parts of Central Africa were named Rhodesia in his honor. A company was instrumental in signing treaties, keeping law and order, defeating African resistances and colonizing South and Central Africa.

Role of Cecil Rhodes in the colonization of Southern Africa

He was the founder of the British South African Company (BSACO.) out of the fortunes of mineral wealth in South Afric- gold and Diamonds. The company was awarded a royal charter in 1890.

Between 1888 and 1895, he resigned as head of the company, he through negotiation, lust, purchase and war gained control over the modem states of the area.

Cecil adopted a policy of monopoly in the areas he and his Company operated there by warding off other European competitors e.g. kept the Germans from advancing to Bechuanaland or modern Botswana.

He handled the administration of British spheres of influence in South and Central Africa.

Played a significant role in the expansion of the British spheres of influence and helped in the military conquest of Africa. His Company was a scapegoat for direct British control of South Africa.

The Company helped to abolish slave trade, which was a key source of revenue for some African nations. Helped to develop the unequal legitimate trade, which laid ground for British colonial rule.

His Company was a source of the much needed manpower or personnel in colonization and colonial administrative process.

Cecil Rhodes helped the suppression of primary resistance and implementing the Berlin Act of effective occupation.

Through his agents of the BSACO, he signed treaties of colonization, e.g. the treaties in Botswana 1885, Matabeleland 1885, 1894 and 1897.

He was instrumental in the development of the idea of 'painting the map of Africa red' that is establishing British colonies from the Cape to Cairo.

Using his Company, he carried out infrastructuraJ development useful in colonial expansion, exploitation, and land alienation.

He recruited Africans in his police force, financed the British administration and campaigned for the retention of some parts of Africa by the colonialists.

Paul Kruger- his career and promotion of Afrikaner nationalism

Stephanus Johannes (Paulus) - Paul Kruger was born in the Cape Colony in 1825.

He was a grand son of a German settler, Jacobus Kruger, who came to the Cape in 1713. His education didn't exceed sruding the Bible.

He was a simple man of great courage, clever and determined.

He took part in the famous Great Trek by the Afrikaaners and was a very persuasive speaker.

His early life was full of hunting and fighting. Kruger left the Cape Colony at the time of the great trek. As a young boy of 12 years, he participated in Potgieter's battle with the Ndebele at Vegkop.

He also took an active part as a commando in battles against African hostile groups during the early years of the establishment of Boer Republics.

He also remembered Piet Retief's death and loved the early history of the trekkers.

Having taken part in the Great Trek, he strongly opposed and distrusted the British and one time led opposition movements during the British annexation of Tansvaal Republic in 1877 and he was also very proud when Africans were defeated in the Great Trek.

He also shared qualities of the Voortrekkers, for example their fierce and desire for freedom and independence, their sense of being a race apart and stubbornness.

In the first years of the formation of Transvaal Republic he gained honor from his feUow Boers through his biography with the early history of the Voortrekkers.

He served in Boer military units and rose to the Commandant General of Transvaal and later as Vice-President.

In 1883, he was elected President of Transvaal when it regained its independence. He re-elected 1888, and 1893 and he held office until the Anglo- Boer war in 1899.

His main asset was that he understood that his people wanted a strong and independent Republic controlled by Afrikaners. He also represented and stood for Afrikaner nationalism.

His great aim was to keep his country free from foreign control especially Britain and had a fierce determination to get rid of British rule in all the Boer Republics.

In 1881 he defended Boer- Transvaal independence at the battle ofMajuba hill.

He was also regarded as a symbol of conservatism and Boer (Afrikaaner) nationalism and independence and he had clear- cut ideas and objectives understandable to all orthodoxy principled Boers.

In 1899, he mobilized the Boers against the British invaders from the Cape Colony and wanted South Africa to be dominated by the Boers who could retain their language- Afrikaans.

At the height of mineral exploitation in South Africa, he refused to grant political rights and fundamental freedoms to the Uitlanders and the colored people in Transvaal.

He over taxed their machinery and denied them to speak English.

Uitlander children were to study from Dutch school and the period of voting for them was extended from 5 to 7 years.

He also strongly opposed the idea of common customs union, which dashed hopes for the federation of South African states.

He closed all possible routes and or boarders to the British and discriminated British goods as he contained the Jameson's raid.

He used the mineral wealth in Transvaal to strengthen the Boer army and strongly fought for Transvaal economic independence, for example he gave bigger contracts to Dutch Companies instead of British Uitlander or coloured Companies.

He built the Transvaal- Delgoa railway line.

He wanted to make a united and strong Transvaal republic governed completely and independent with Boer/ Afrikaans language.

The old pastoral way of life and the improper treatment of the Bantu and other Black people were at the back of his mind

Problems faced by Paul Kruger as leader o(the Transvaal Reoublic

The British opposed Kruger's attempt to maintain Transvaal independence.

From 1880's, Kruger and his followers found themselves faced with terrible expansion of the British imperialism or British invasions.

In 1885, the British occupied Bechuanaland thus preventing the Transvaal Republic of a possibility of making contacts with the Germans from South West Africa or Namibia.

In 1895, after Kruger had set up Transvaal hegemony over Swaziland, the British colonial Government counted the move by annexing Tongaland, which was the climax of Rhodes ambitions, hence, only one outlet was left to the 1and locked Republic.

In 1895, the British ordered the Jameson's raids on Transvaal Republic followed by the second Anglo-Boer War constant African attacks.

Paul Kruger had a big problem of dealing with the Uitlanders, their demands and other outsiders who were involved in gold exploitation in Transvaal.

In 1900, Transvaal and the Orange Free State were annexed together and Paul Kruger resisted

Afrikaner administration in Transvaal was corrupt and inefficient as poverty rocked the Boer Republics.

He was born in Herefordshire 1853 England to an English clergyman as the sixth son of an English Parson.

At the age of Seventeen years, he moved to South Africa with some of his relatives because of his poor health where he recovered.

He was the most powerful person who dominated events in South Africa between 1885 and 1900. He was a very successful investor and a money magnet in the mining business.

He moved to Kimberley in 1871 where Diamonds had been discovered. Between 1876 and 1881, Rhodes consolidated to monopolize the minerals by forming a company known as the De' Beers Consolidated company limited controlled by himself.

By the age of 25, Rhodes was a millionaire, at the age of 34; he even bought his only remaining rival Company- Barney Barnarto with what was then the largest Cheque. This made him a monopoly of all diamonds produced in South Africa.

When gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand, he formed the gold's fields company, which became one of the 3 mos powerful companies operating in South Africa.

Rhodes was a European imperialist believing in the expansion of the British power and union of the whites in Soutt Africa under the British flag.

He also dreamed of building a railway from the Cape to Cairo and to do this he needed power.

In 1885, his pressure and foresight helped the British government to declare a Protectorate over Botswana on Bechuanaland.

He also pressed the British annexation of Zulu land in 1887.

He also financed white settlements and prospects for minerals in Central Africa, like Mashona and Matebele land.

In 1889, he formed a company called the British South Africa Company, which was given a Royal Charter by the British government to operate in South Africa.

Parts of Central Africa were named Rhodesia in his honor. A company was instrumental in signing treaties, keeping law and order, defeating African resistances and colonizing South and Central Africa.

Role of Cecil Rhodes in the colonization of Southern Africa

He was the founder of the British South African Company (BSACO.) out of the fortunes of mineral wealth in South Afric- gold and Diamonds. The company was awarded a royal charter in 1890.

Between 1888 and 1895, he resigned as head of the company, he through negotiation, lust, purchase and war gained control over the modem states of the area.

Cecil adopted a policy of monopoly in the areas he and his Company operated there by warding off other European competitors e.g. kept the Germans from advancing to Bechuanaland or modern Botswana.

He handled the administration of British spheres of influence in South and Central Africa.

Played a significant role in the expansion of the British spheres of influence and helped in the military conquest of Africa. His Company was a scapegoat for direct British control of South Africa.

The Company helped to abolish slave trade, which was a key source of revenue for some African nations. Helped to develop the unequal legitimate trade, which laid ground for British colonial rule.

His Company was a source of the much needed manpower or personnel in colonization and colonial administrative process.

Cecil Rhodes helped the suppression of primary resistance and implementing the Berlin Act of effective occupation.

Through his agents of the BSACO, he signed treaties of colonization, e.g. the treaties in Botswana 1885, Matabeleland 1885, 1894 and 1897.

He was instrumental in the development of the idea of 'painting the map of Africa red' that is establishing British colonies from the Cape to Cairo.

Using his Company, he carried out infrastructuraJ development useful in colonial expansion, exploitation, and land alienation.

He recruited Africans in his police force, financed the British administration and campaigned for the retention of some parts of Africa by the colonialists.

Paul Kruger- his career and promotion of Afrikaner nationalism

Stephanus Johannes (Paulus) - Paul Kruger was born in the Cape Colony in 1825.

He was a grand son of a German settler, Jacobus Kruger, who came to the Cape in 1713. His education didn't exceed sruding the Bible.

He was a simple man of great courage, clever and determined.

He took part in the famous Great Trek by the Afrikaaners and was a very persuasive speaker.

His early life was full of hunting and fighting. Kruger left the Cape Colony at the time of the great trek. As a young boy of 12 years, he participated in Potgieter's battle with the Ndebele at Vegkop.

He also took an active part as a commando in battles against African hostile groups during the early years of the establishment of Boer Republics.

He also remembered Piet Retief's death and loved the early history of the trekkers.

Having taken part in the Great Trek, he strongly opposed and distrusted the British and one time led opposition movements during the British annexation of Tansvaal Republic in 1877 and he was also very proud when Africans were defeated in the Great Trek.

He also shared qualities of the Voortrekkers, for example their fierce and desire for freedom and independence, their sense of being a race apart and stubbornness.

In the first years of the formation of Transvaal Republic he gained honor from his feUow Boers through his biography with the early history of the Voortrekkers.

He served in Boer military units and rose to the Commandant General of Transvaal and later as Vice-President.

In 1883, he was elected President of Transvaal when it regained its independence. He re-elected 1888, and 1893 and he held office until the Anglo- Boer war in 1899.

His main asset was that he understood that his people wanted a strong and independent Republic controlled by Afrikaners. He also represented and stood for Afrikaner nationalism.

His great aim was to keep his country free from foreign control especially Britain and had a fierce determination to get rid of British rule in all the Boer Republics.

In 1881 he defended Boer- Transvaal independence at the battle ofMajuba hill.

He was also regarded as a symbol of conservatism and Boer (Afrikaaner) nationalism and independence and he had clear- cut ideas and objectives understandable to all orthodoxy principled Boers.

In 1899, he mobilized the Boers against the British invaders from the Cape Colony and wanted South Africa to be dominated by the Boers who could retain their language- Afrikaans.

At the height of mineral exploitation in South Africa, he refused to grant political rights and fundamental freedoms to the Uitlanders and the colored people in Transvaal.

He over taxed their machinery and denied them to speak English.

Uitlander children were to study from Dutch school and the period of voting for them was extended from 5 to 7 years.

He also strongly opposed the idea of common customs union, which dashed hopes for the federation of South African states.

He closed all possible routes and or boarders to the British and discriminated British goods as he contained the Jameson's raid.

He used the mineral wealth in Transvaal to strengthen the Boer army and strongly fought for Transvaal economic independence, for example he gave bigger contracts to Dutch Companies instead of British Uitlander or coloured Companies.

He built the Transvaal- Delgoa railway line.

He wanted to make a united and strong Transvaal republic governed completely and independent with Boer/ Afrikaans language.

The old pastoral way of life and the improper treatment of the Bantu and other Black people were at the back of his mind

Problems faced by Paul Kruger as leader o(the Transvaal Reoublic

The British opposed Kruger's attempt to maintain Transvaal independence.

From 1880's, Kruger and his followers found themselves faced with terrible expansion of the British imperialism or British invasions.

In 1885, the British occupied Bechuanaland thus preventing the Transvaal Republic of a possibility of making contacts with the Germans from South West Africa or Namibia.

In 1895, after Kruger had set up Transvaal hegemony over Swaziland, the British colonial Government counted the move by annexing Tongaland, which was the climax of Rhodes ambitions, hence, only one outlet was left to the 1and locked Republic.

In 1895, the British ordered the Jameson's raids on Transvaal Republic followed by the second Anglo-Boer War constant African attacks.

Paul Kruger had a big problem of dealing with the Uitlanders, their demands and other outsiders who were involved in gold exploitation in Transvaal.

In 1900, Transvaal and the Orange Free State were annexed together and Paul Kruger resisted

Afrikaner administration in Transvaal was corrupt and inefficient as poverty rocked the Boer Republics.