241 HISTORY
O-LEVEL 2006-2010
SYLLABUS TOPICS WITH USEFUL RESOURCE LINKS
I East Africa from C.1000 to independence.
1. Early history of East Africa, C.1000-1500.
2. The formation of East African states, C. 1500-1800.
3. The Later History of the coast, 1498-1800.
4. The growth of external contacts and pressures. 1800-1880.
5. The European scramble and response of East African Peoples.C.1880-1906.
6. East Africa under colonial rule. 1906-1963.
7. The emergence of Modern East African Nations, C. 1900-1963.
II. West Africa from C. 1000 to Independence.
1 Trans- Saharan trade and its influence on the development of West Africa.
2 The rise, expansion, development, and decline of Ghana, Mali, Songhai and Kanem-Bornu empires.
3 The political, economic and social organization of the people of Sene-gambia: The Woloff, Fula, and Madinka States.
4 The rise, expansion and political, economic, and social organization of Oyo, Benin, Dahomey, and Asante (Ashanti). The importance of Yoruba and Benin art.
5 External trade on the West Coast of Africa and its effects up to 1800.
6 The political and economic development of the coastal states: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Fante, the Yoruba states, Yoruba States, Niger Delta States; the decline of the slave trade and the development of new trade.
7 The Islamic movements of the 19th century: Fulani, Kanem-Bornu, Tokolor, and the Madinka Empire.
8 Christian missionary activity and its significance before and after the Scramble.
9 European imperialism in West Africa and African response: Ahmadu, Samori, Asante, the Fante Confederation, Dahomey, Niger Delta States, Benin, the Fulani Emirates.
10 West Africa under colonial rule: Frech system of administration, British system with special reference to Ghana and Nigeria; the German system in Togo.
11 Economic and social developments under colonial rule; changes in communications, industry, commerce and agriculture; urbanisation; health and education; all with special reference to Senegal and Ghana.
12 National movements in West Africa since 1900 and the regaining of independence with special attention to Ghana, Nigeria the Rasemblement Democratique Africain (RDA) and Guinea Bissau.
111. Central Africa from C. 1000 to Independence.
1 Early civilisations and states:
a. Great Zimbabwe, Mwene-Mutapu, Kongo.
b. Lunda-Luba states: Mwata Yamvo, Bemba, Mwata Kazembe.
c. Malawi states: Cewa, Undi.
2 Portuguese in Angola, Congo, Mozambique and the Zambezi Valley.
3 The Mfecane band its impact on Central Africa: Ngoni, Sotho, Lozi, Ndebele (Matabele) and Gaza.
4 The Baya, Banda and Zande invaders of the Northern Congo Basin.
5 African trading systems and peoples: Luanda, Chokwe, Yao, Rozwi, Bisa and Swahili/Arab.
6 Christian missionary activity and its effects from 1850.
7 The scramble for and partition of Central Africa. African Response: Ndebele, Mashona, Lozi, Zande, Yeke, Yao, Gaza kingdom.
8 Central Africa under colonial rule: Portuguese system of administration with special attention to Mozambique; British system with special attention to Northern Rhodesia. (Zambia), Belgian System in Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo); French system with special attention to Congo.
9 Economic and social developments under colonial rule: changes in communication, industry, commerce and agriculture; urbanisation; health and education; all with special reference to Northern Rhodesia (Zambia) and Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe).
10 Nationalist movements in Central Africa since 1900 and the regaining of independence with special attention to Zaire, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique.
IV. South Africa from C.1000 to Independence.
1. The earliest peoples of South Africa: the Khoisan and the Bantu: the origins, migrations and settlement of South African people. Their political social and economic organization.
2. The Dutch at the Cape: settlement and expansion. Its impact on African society and the African response.
3. British rule at the Cape. Relationship with the Africa people and with the Boers.
4. The Great Trek: causes; course; effects on Africans, Boers and British.
5. The Mfecane and origins of the Zulu, Sotho, Swazi and Tswana states; their organization and development.
6. The Boer republics and the British Occupation of Natal: political and economic systems and the African response. Relations with African states and peoples.
7. Missionary activity and its significance in the 19th and 20th centuries: the Dutch Reformed Church and the Independent Churches.
8. Economic developments up to 1910: farming; mineral discoveries and their political, social, and economic effects on Africans, Boers and British.
9. The Scramble: Anglo-German rivalry, Namibia (South West Africa) and Botswana; Anglo-Boer wars: unification of South Africa and its significance.
10. African response to the Scramble: Zulus resistance under Cetshwayo and the Bambata Rebellion; the 'Gun War' (Cape-Basuto); the Nama and Herero in Namibia (South West Africa); Khama of Botswana.
11. British rule in Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana. Nationalist movements up to independence.
12. Constitutional, social and economic developments since 1910: White rule and apartheid; farming, industrial expansion; urbanisation, communications; education and distribution of wealth.
13. African nationalism in South Africa since 1910: trade unions; political organizations; armed resistance.
14. Namibia: German and South African rule; African nationalism.
15. South Africa and outside world today U.N.O.; N.A.T.O.; O.A.U.. Sanctions and dialogue.
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