Wednesday, 31 August 2016
19 What was the role of sir Hesketh bell in the development of Uganda?
19 What
was the role of sir Hesketh bell in the development of Uganda?
He was at
first a special commissioner but late became the first governor of Uganda when
the administration of Uganda was transferred from foreign offices to colonial
offices
He first of
all dismissed calls to turn Uganda into a settlers colony and instead
encouraged peasant farming
His contribution
was mainly in the area of agriculture he encouraged small scale industries and
farming in Uganda
He developed
the cotton industry and it waa through his efforts to pass the Uganda cotton
ordinance that high quality american cotton seed were introduced to replace the
wild cotton seeds
He banned hand
ginning and instead opened up three new ginneries to process cotton
His contributions
were not confined to cotton growing but also extended to other crops like simsim
sugarcane coffee gnuts and rubber
In order to
facilitate agriculture he greatly improved transport by construction of feeder
roads to link productive areas to railway lines
During his
tenure of office the jinja- namasagali ,Kampala-port bell railway lines were
developed and stimulated development of busoga
He also
encouraged the importation of bicycles and vehicles to ease transportation of
goods and humans
His economic
development attracted many Asians to Uganda these established businesses along
the railway line and became major forces in Uganda's economy
On top of
agriculture sir Hesketh bell encouraged trade but this was dominated by the Asians
who set up wholesale business and retail shops in towns along the railway
In the field
of health he fought diseases like sleeping sickness a!ong the shores of lake
victoria with the help of local chiefs like Apollo kagwa
He
encouraged that Uganda was able to support herself financially and encouraged
hut and poll taxes to reduce Uganda's dependence on British funds
17 What were the effects of the white settlers in Kenya?
17 What
were the effects of the white settlers in Kenya?
They
introduced plantation agriculture in Kenya and the crops introduced were tea
coffee pyrethrum wheat and maize.
The growing
of cash crops waa followed by the use of modern
and scientific methods of farming like the use of fertilizers and establishment
of large fenced farms
Settlers farming
stimulated the development of communication networks for example roads were
constructed and railway lines extended to farms hence easing transport
With the extension
of the Uganda railway the colonial government was able to raise funds for the administration
of Kenya and also able to regain the funds lost on its construction this was
eased by cash crop growing
There was
improvement in the provision of social services revenue from the sales of cash
crops was used to put up social infrastructure like roads school hospitals
Because of
increased business activities modern towns and trading centers like Nairobi
developed
The
introduction of plantation agriculture enab!ed the kanyans to shift from substance
farming to large scale farming which brought money and improved their standards
of living
With
increased agriculture small scale industrialization took place for example in
1909 UNGA limited established thus stimulating economic development
The settler
introduced companies like the Kenya cooperative creameries with time more and
more industries were established thus stimulating economic development
They
introduced the reading of exotic animals in Kenya is sheep cattle and pigs were
Imported onto Kenya from news Zealand and Britain by lord delamere for example
the bacon industry developed due to rearing pigs
The more
plantation farms were established creating more employment opportunities for Africans
this greatly improved their standard of living as they were able to earn money and
enjoy goods from outside
A lot of
land that previously was idle was put to use by the settlers who established
large farms where cash crops were grown. This contributed to the growth of Kenya's
economy
Many Africans
became rich because of providing labour on settlers farms although the working
conditions were harsh
Some Africans
after the world war I started growing cash crops on their own
The income
from agriculture was used to finance and strengthen colonial administration in Kenya
Africans
were now able to meet their obligations for example tax payments since they
were earning
Settlers
introduced the legislative council in 1906 and started feeling numerically and
racial superior to the Africans and the Asians they therefore advocated for
segregation in school
The growing
of cash crops disrupted the traditional African patterns of farming since Africans
also were engaged in cash crop growing
Due to the
settlers demands hut tax was introduced in 1902 to force Africans into working
for the whites
Because
plantation farming was in the hands of the whites this put the economy of Kenya
in the hands of the whites
Africans
lost much of their land to the settlers is the kamba and the Masai were
displaced for plantation farming
The mobility
of Africans was restricted by the whites since they introduced kipande which
could identity the farm one worked for
16.What were the problems faced by the settler farmers in Kenya?
16.What
were the problems faced by the settler farmers in Kenya?
The economic depression that hit the world after the world
wat l greatly affected the white
settlers as their crops had lost market because of the low prices
Settler farmers also faced strong opposition from africans for
example settler farms were constantly raided by the Masai and the nandi
Disease also frustrated the settlers for example lord
delameres cattle were attacked by tick borne and coastal fever .this forced him
to abandon the project
The settlers lacked funds to carry out large scale farming some were too poor to buy land
or even pay their workers
Some crops like tea and rubber required large estates which
settlers could not get and government was not ready to provide
The mineral deficiency in the soil affected stock farming
which resulted into the death of animals especially sheep in Njoro
Lord Delameres wheat project was failed by a wheat disease
called rust.this greatly affected him as he had to Carry out experiments on
rust resistant variety
The government was mainly interested in reducing the cost of
administration and regaining the monies spent on the railway it therefore paid
less attention to the problems of the settlers
Coming up with the right choice of crops to be grown also
took the settlers some good time for example a lot money and time were spent on
experimental growing of some crops
There was also competition from imported products for
example it was not until a tax of 20 % was put on imported wheat that its
production increased
Land was not easy to get .Africans highly valued their land
and were not willing to sell it to the whites
Force had to be used and in other cases agreements signed
with chiefs to get land.
Poor transport roads were not developed and many parts were
not connected to the railway line attempts to reach all areas were doomed by
lack of funds
Apart from the Kenyan highlands most of the Kenyan land was
barren and unproductive, there were thefts of settlers food by the pastoral
tribes like the turkana Masai nandi
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